The review of scientific instruments vol 30, no 7, pp 548-556

Versatile and sensitive virbating-sample magnetometer

Simon Foner

A vibrating-sample magnetometer, which measures the magnetic moment of a 
sample when it is vibrated perpendicularly to a uniform magnetizing field, 
is described. With this instrument, changes as samll as 10^-5 to 10^-6 emu 
have been detected, and a stability of one part in 10^4 has been attained. 
In addition to peritting convenient measurements in the usual laboratory 
electromagnet, this instrument eliminates or minimizes many source of 
error found in other methods. It is simple, inexpensive, and versatile, 
yet permits precisionb magnetic moment measurements to be made in a 
uniform magnetizing field as a function of temperature, magnetizing field, 
and crystallographic orientation. The mechanical design and detailed 
operating characteristics are presented. Applications and limitations of 
the method are outlined.