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PII: S0921-4526(99)00014-9
Copyright © 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


    Towards a 3D magnetometry by neutron reflectometry

C. FermonCorresponding Author Contact Information <#m4.cor*>, E-mail The
Corresponding Author <mailto:cfermon@cea.fr>, a <#orfa>, F. Ottb
<#orfb>, B. Gillesc <#orfc>, A. Martyd <#orfd>, A. Menelleb <#orfb>, Y.
Samsond <#orfd>, G. Legoffa <#orfa> and G. Francineta <#orfa>

a DRECAM/SPEC CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France
b Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
c LTPCM, ENSEEG, B.P. 75, 38 042 Grenoble, France
d CEA-Grenoble, Département de Recherche Fondamentale sur la Matière
Condensée/SP2M, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38 054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France

Available online 10 January 2000.


    Abstract

Specular polarised neutron reflectometry with polarisation analysis
allows one to probe in-depth magnetic profiles of thin films (along the
normal to the film). Off-specular reflectometry gives information about
lateral structures (in the plane of the film) with typical lengthscales
ranging from 5 to 100 small mu, Greekm. Furthermore, surface diffraction
at grazing angle gives access to transverse dimensions between 10 nm and
300 nm with a resolution in that direction of a few nanometers. The
combination of these three techniques applied to magnetic systems can
lead to a 3D magnetic structure measurement. Such a technique is however
not applicable to the study of a single magnetic dot, but it can
generate unique results in several cases including patterns of domain
walls in thin films with perpendicular anisotropy, arrays of magnetic
dots, and patterned lines in magnetic thin films.

Author Keywords: Magnetometry; Neutron reflectometry; Polarisation analysis

PACS classification codes: 61.12 Ha; 75.70 Kw; 75.70.-i


    Article Outline

1. Introduction
2. General ideas
3. Non-specular neutron diffraction on periodic gratings
4. Diffraction on periodic magnetic stripe domains
5. Conclusion
References



Enlarge Image
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(7K)
Fig. 1. Setup of the experiment. It is possible to study off-specular
diffusion in the plane of incidence (along the "off-specular" line) and
in the plane perpendicular to the plane of incidence (along the "surface
diffraction" line).

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TVH-3Y9GBDJ-5Y&_image=fig2&_ba=2&_user=875668&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1999&_rdoc=28&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235535%231999%23997319999%23151689!&_cdi=5535&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=8b0bb07672b6819c266765cd93d2ed56>
(10K)
Fig. 2. Diffraction map in the (qx, qz) plane on a grating of nickel
lines (width 5 small mu, Greekm, periodicity 10 small mu, Greekm,
thickness 90 nm) deposited on a glass substrate. The line qx=0
corresponds to the specular reflection, the other lines correspond to
diffraction modes.

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TVH-3Y9GBDJ-5Y&_image=fig3&_ba=3&_user=875668&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1999&_rdoc=28&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235535%231999%23997319999%23151689!&_cdi=5535&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=cc2026dafef70ac94f493068b6d61c86>
(11K)
Fig. 3. Intensity of the diffracted modes +1 and -1 (triangles and
squares) versus qz. Numerical fits are plotted in black lines. For
clarity, the intensities of the mode -1 (resp. +1) have been divided by
a factor of 100 (resp. 10 000).

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TVH-3Y9GBDJ-5Y&_image=fig4&_ba=4&_user=875668&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1999&_rdoc=28&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235535%231999%23997319999%23151689!&_cdi=5535&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=6b9d4f5fd37aef886c6f8adbddf6a06f>
(20K)
Fig. 4. Diffraction geometry and off-specular diffusion signal measured
on a network of magnetic domains using a multidetector (top pciture).
The top peaks are the specular and off-specular peaks. The bottom signal
is due to the refracted wave. The bottom picture is a MFM image of
magnetic domains observed in the Fe0.5Pd0.5 thin films.

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TVH-3Y9GBDJ-5Y&_image=fig5&_ba=5&_user=875668&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F1999&_rdoc=28&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235535%231999%23997319999%23151689!&_cdi=5535&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=8cf65413868ed88529f4d5db12ec9fe5>
(8K)
Fig. 5. Calculated off-specular signal as measured on a multidetector
for two different incidence angles (a) straight theta, small theta,
Greekinc=straight theta, small theta, Greekc=0.5° and (b) straight
theta, small theta, Greekinc=0.7°. The peaks maximum does not move but
the intensity decreases as soon as the incidence angle is moved away
from the critical angle straight theta, small theta, Greekc.


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