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doi:10.1016/S0304-8853(02)00998-8
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Copyright © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


    Magneto-optical indicator film study of the hybrid exchange spring
    formation and evolution processes

V. I. NikitenkoCorresponding Author Contact Information <#m4.cor*>,
E-mail The Corresponding Author <mailto:nikiten@issp.ac.ru>, a <#affa>,
b <#affb>, c <#affc>, V. S. Gornakova <#affa>, b <#affb>, Yu. P.Kabanova
<#affa>, A. J. Shapirob <#affb>, R. D. Shullb <#affb>, C. L. Chienc
<#affc>, J. S. Jiangd <#affd> and S. D. Baderd <#affd>

a Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Chernogolovka, Moscow District 142432, Russia
b National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
20899, USA
c The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
d Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA

Available online 5 October 2002.


    Abstract

The elementary events of the remagnetization processes in nanocomposite
magnetic bilayers were investigated using iron-garnet indicator films
with in-plane anisotropy. We have observed hybrid domain walls
consisting of both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic sections
perpendicular to the interface. The external magnetic field shifts only
the ferromagnetic part of the domain walls. This leads to the formation
of a hybrid exchange spin spring parallel to the interface. The
processes of spring nucleation and untwisting occur at different
locations. With the field oriented antiparallel to the macroscopic
unidirectional anisotropy, remagnetization of the soft ferromagnet layer
in the hard/soft nanocomposite starts by the formation of an exchange
spring consisting of micrometer-scale sub-domains with opposite
direction spin twisting. A rotating magnetic field (smaller than some
critical value) creates firstly a single-chiral spin spiral; this spiral
then loses stability, incoherently untwists and gradually inverts its
chirality with increasing field rotation. Untwisting of the hybrid
exchange spring at higher fields leads to the creation of unusual hybrid
non-180° domain walls. The initial (ground) state of the bilayer with
such noncollinear magnetized domains is not restored after stopping the
field rotation and returning it to zero. The revealed phenomena are
attributed to the influence of the dispersion in the unidirectional
anisotropy induced by magnetization frustration in the interface and
bilayer crystal lattice defects.

Author Keywords: Magnetic bilayers: domain walls; Exchange springs;
Magnetic imaging


    Article Outline

round bullet, filled References
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Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46XH6XV-1&_image=fig1&_ba=1&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=W-WA-A-A-AZY-MsSAYZA-UUA-AUZBWZBDVW-WWWECEDEC-AZY-U&_rdoc=5&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=bcdaa03de9aba6c2185920942e5c7214>
(6K)
Fig. 1. Minor hysteresis loops of Py(160 Å)/FeMn(300 Å) at 300 K (a)
after demagnetizing at 400 K, and zero field cooling and (b) after field
cooling in a 20 mT field.

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46XH6XV-1&_image=fig2&_ba=2&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=W-WA-A-A-AZY-MsSAYZA-UUA-AUZBWZBDVW-WWWECEDEC-AZY-U&_rdoc=5&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=a274fae4a0927d88563bfd7c43e27e0d>
(40K)
Fig. 2. MOIF images of domain structure taken during unidirectional-axis
remagnetization of the zero field cooling Py/FeMn bilayer. (a)?(e)
correspond to the right loop and (a), (f)?(j) to the left hysteresis
loop at Fig. 1a <#fig1>. (a) small mu, Greek0H=0, (b) +1.8, (c) +6.0,
(d) +0.6, (e) +0.6 after 20 s, (f) -1.15, (g) -1.2, (h) -6.0, (I) -0.4,
(j) -0.35 mT, The top band perpendicular to the unidirectional axis is
the edge of the bilayer.

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46XH6XV-1&_image=fig3&_ba=3&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=W-WA-A-A-AZY-MsSAYZA-UUA-AUZBWZBDVW-WWWECEDEC-AZY-U&_rdoc=5&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=11e05bc3bf4820d7d550350950caa3e1>
(15K)
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of the spin structures in the FM/AFM bilayer
of Fig. 1 <#fig1> during remagnetization.

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46XH6XV-1&_image=fig4&_ba=4&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=W-WA-A-A-AZY-MsSAYZA-UUA-AUZBWZBDVW-WWWECEDEC-AZY-U&_rdoc=5&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=4a5b7d9bb60264d9b4ac9d26494570a0>
(3K)
Fig. 4. Hysteresis loop of SmCo/Fe bilayer.

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46XH6XV-1&_image=fig5&_ba=5&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=W-WA-A-A-AZY-MsSAYZA-UUA-AUZBWZBDVW-WWWECEDEC-AZY-U&_rdoc=5&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=b127df849c56b552aeb1fc2a92a6e5cb>
(15K)
Fig. 5. MO images of the SmCo/Fe bilayer region near the 300 mM hole at
different reverse fields. The field is applied at angle small alpha,
Greek=0° (a?c) and 10° (d?f).

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46XH6XV-1&_image=fig6&_ba=6&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=W-WA-A-A-AZY-MsSAYZA-UUA-AUZBWZBDVW-WWWECEDEC-AZY-U&_rdoc=5&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=8412fc63305f3e22389ab61e242d0f74>
(33K)
Fig. 6. MO images of the SmCo/Fe bylayer region near the hole during an
in-plane field rotation for small mu, Greek0H=60 mT. The white and black
arrows indicate the directions of H and M, respectively. The graph shows
the rotation angle curly or open small phi, Greek of M vs. the magnetic
field rotation angle (small alpha, Greek) for different field amplitudes
measured from the MOIF images.

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</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46XH6XV-1&_image=fig7&_ba=7&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=W-WA-A-A-AZY-MsSAYZA-UUA-AUZBWZBDVW-WWWECEDEC-AZY-U&_rdoc=5&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=873b9b3f005abf0d4110c28f7c9bf34e>
(26K)
Fig. 7. MOIF images of the SmCo/Fe bilayer region near the hole during
decreasing field small mu, Greek0H=90 mT after interrupting its rotation.


    References

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