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doi:10.1016/S0304-8853(02)01118-6
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Copyright © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


    Ordering in magnetic multilayers by off-specular neutron scattering

V. Lauter-PasyukCorresponding Author Contact Information <#m4.cor*>,
E-mail The Corresponding Author <mailto:vlauter@ill.fr>, a <#affa>, b
<#affb>, H. J. Lauterc <#affc>, B. Topervergd <#affd>, e <#affe>, L.
Romashevf <#afff>, M. Milyaevf <#afff>, A. Petrenkob <#affb>, V.
Aksenovb <#affb> and V. Ustinovf <#afff>

a Physik Department, TU.München, D-85747, Garching, Germany
b Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
c Institute Laue Langevin, B.P. 156,F-38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
d Forschungszentrum Jülich, IFF, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
e Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, 188350, St.
Petersburg, Russia
f Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Div. Russian Academy Sciences,
GSP-170 18 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 62019, Ekaterinburg, Russia

Available online 1 October 2002.


    Abstract

The combination of specular reflection and off-specular scattering with
polarized neutrons gives a unique detailed information on the lateral
and transverse spin-configuration of a magnetic multilayer stack. We
present the first direct experimental observation of a phenomenon
predicted theoretically for antiferromagnetically coupled multilayers:
the twisted ground-state configuration in an external magnetic field.
This twisted configuration arises due to the reduced symmetry of
magnetic moments of the end layers having only one neighbor. This fact
can be established directly via the qualitative analysis of the line
shape of the superstructure peaks on the specular line and the related
off-specular Bragg sheet. Additional quantitative evaluation of both
specular reflection and off-specular scattering allows one to deduce the
layer-by-layer spin configuration through the multilayer stack, as well
as within the plane of the layer. The presence of spin-flip off-specular
scattering means that the layer magnetization is laterally not
homogeneous but is decomposed into a set of domains. The distribution of
magnetic moments within each domain, the domains size and their
distributions are obtained.

Author Keywords: Neutron reflection—polarized; Thin film—multilayers;
Exchange coupling—non-collinear


    Article Outline

1. Introduction
<http://193.225.13.151/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJJ-46WP6SG-14&_user=875668&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AZY-MsSAYWW-UUA-U-AAAWAAUWZA-AAUEZEAUZA-EVYWDZAUV-AZY-U&_fmt=full&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_rdoc=103&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&_artOutline=Y&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=e7997e92158923c9509533d510be1d12#sec1>
2. Experiment
<http://193.225.13.151/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJJ-46WP6SG-14&_user=875668&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AZY-MsSAYWW-UUA-U-AAAWAAUWZA-AAUEZEAUZA-EVYWDZAUV-AZY-U&_fmt=full&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_rdoc=103&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&_artOutline=Y&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=e7997e92158923c9509533d510be1d12#sec2>
3. Data analysis and discussion
<http://193.225.13.151/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJJ-46WP6SG-14&_user=875668&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AZY-MsSAYWW-UUA-U-AAAWAAUWZA-AAUEZEAUZA-EVYWDZAUV-AZY-U&_fmt=full&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_rdoc=103&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&_artOutline=Y&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=e7997e92158923c9509533d510be1d12#sec3>
4. Conclusions
<http://193.225.13.151/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJJ-46WP6SG-14&_user=875668&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AZY-MsSAYWW-UUA-U-AAAWAAUWZA-AAUEZEAUZA-EVYWDZAUV-AZY-U&_fmt=full&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_rdoc=103&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&_artOutline=Y&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=e7997e92158923c9509533d510be1d12#sec4>
Acknowledgements
<http://193.225.13.151/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJJ-46WP6SG-14&_user=875668&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AZY-MsSAYWW-UUA-U-AAAWAAUWZA-AAUEZEAUZA-EVYWDZAUV-AZY-U&_fmt=full&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_rdoc=103&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&_artOutline=Y&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=e7997e92158923c9509533d510be1d12#ack1>
References
<http://193.225.13.151/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TJJ-46WP6SG-14&_user=875668&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AZY-MsSAYWW-UUA-U-AAAWAAUWZA-AAUEZEAUZA-EVYWDZAUV-AZY-U&_fmt=full&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_rdoc=103&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&_artOutline=Y&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=e7997e92158923c9509533d510be1d12#bibl1>




Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46WP6SG-14&_image=fig1&_ba=1&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AZY-MsSAYWW-UUA-U-AAAWAAUWZA-AAUEZEAUZA-EVYWDZAUV-AZY-U&_rdoc=103&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=4d243156989dfb4510b3f01d284dfe51>
(8K)
Fig. 1. Schematic presentation of an exchange coupled multilayer stack
in an external in-plane magnetic field H and the scattering geometry of
the neutron experiment. The polarized neutron beam with the incident
angle small alpha, Greeki scatters from the sample in specular and
off-specular directions with outgoing angles small alpha, Greekf. pi and
pf are the perpendicular to the surface projections of incoming and
scattered neutron wave-vectors, respectively.

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46WP6SG-14&_image=fig2&_ba=2&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AZY-MsSAYWW-UUA-U-AAAWAAUWZA-AAUEZEAUZA-EVYWDZAUV-AZY-U&_rdoc=103&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=884bf98bbac796bf9d4a026a0e29e081>
(50K)
Fig. 2. (a) Experimental 2D map of the intensity scattered from sample 1
in an external magnetic field of H=400 G as a function of (pi+pf) and
(pi–pf), with pi and pf the perpendicular projections of incoming and
scattered neutron wave-vectors, respectively. The logarithmic intensity
gray-color scale is shown on the side. The incoming neutrons are in the
"-" state (neutron spin is antiparallel to the direction of the external
field). (b) 2D-model fit to the experimental data in Fig. 1a <#fig1>.
(c) Experimental 2D intensity map with the analysed region between the
dashed lines for the "–" state (non-spin-flip intensity).

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46WP6SG-14&_image=fig3&_ba=3&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AZY-MsSAYWW-UUA-U-AAAWAAUWZA-AAUEZEAUZA-EVYWDZAUV-AZY-U&_rdoc=103&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=efebb92f1f56b6fb9f196f7d72e8d460>
(13K)
Fig. 3. Examples of magnetization configurations in a finite multilayer
composed of an even number of ferromagnetic (FM) layers l
antiferromagnetically coupled across non-magnetic spacers (only FM
layers are shown); three possible types of domains are depicted: (a)
interlayer coupling is antiferromagnetic, external magnetic field H=0;
(b) non-collinear configuration, canting angles curly or open small phi,
Greekl=−curly or open small phi, Greekl, H=0; c) twisted non-collinear
configuration in an external magnetic field applied along the in-plane
easy axis, curly or open small phi, Greekl=−curly or open small phi,
Greekl and curly or open small phi, Greekl>−curly or open small phi,
Greek l−1. Brackets A and B indicate the two transverse anti-phase parts
of one lateral domain.

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46WP6SG-14&_image=fig4&_ba=4&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AZY-MsSAYWW-UUA-U-AAAWAAUWZA-AAUEZEAUZA-EVYWDZAUV-AZY-U&_rdoc=103&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=ae433ac389e794b9eea8943f2b047ef5>
(7K)
Fig. 4. Twisted canting angle curly or open small phi, Greekl as a
function of Fe layer l for sample 1 in the external magnetic field H of
200 G (black dots) and 400 G (open circles).

Enlarge Image
</science?_ob=MiamiCaptionURL&_method=retrieve&_udi=B6TJJ-46WP6SG-14&_image=fig5&_ba=5&_user=875668&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2003&_handle=V-WA-A-W-AZY-MsSAYWW-UUA-U-AAAWAAUWZA-AAUEZEAUZA-EVYWDZAUV-AZY-U&_rdoc=103&_fmt=summary&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235312%232003%23997419999%23401623!&_cdi=5312&view=c&_acct=C000046981&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=875668&md5=74d4716dceaddf1cab86964ebe3f78ff>
(22K)
Fig. 5. Experimental 2D scattered intensity map from sample 2 in the
in-plane external magnetic field of 300 G as a function of (pi+pf) and
(pi–pf), with pi and pf the perpendiculars to the surface projections of
incoming and scattered neutron wave-vectors, respectively. The
logarithmic intensity gray-color scale is shown on the side. The
incoming neutrons are in the "-" state.


    References

1. M.N. Baibich, J.M. Broto, A. Fert, F. Nguyen Van Dau, F. Petroff, P.
Etienne, G. Creuzet, A. Friederich and J. Chazelas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 61
(1988), p. 2472. Abstract-INSPEC
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2. G. Binasch, P. Grünberg, F. Saurenbach and W. Zinn. Phys. Rev. B 39
(1989), p. 4828. Abstract-INSPEC
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, March 2003, Pages 382-387
Second Moscow International Symposium on Magnetism



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